James Picard - Artist of the Month - June 2009

***June 2009***

Emil Nolde
August 7, 1867 – April 13, 1956

Emil Nolde was born as Emil Hansen, near the village of Nolde, (now part of the Danish municipality of Burkal) He was raised on a farm; his parents, devout Protestants, were Danish peasants. He realized the farm life was not for him and that he and his three brothers were nothing alike. So between 1884 and 1888, he trained as a craftsman and worked in woodcarving, and worked in furniture factories as a young adult.

In 1889, he gained entrance into the School of Applied Arts in Karlsruhe before becoming a drawing instructor in Switzerland from 1892 to 1898, eventually leaving this job to finally pursue his dream of becoming an independent artist.

As a child had loved to paint and draw, but he was already 31 by the time he pursued a career as an artist. When he was rejected by the Munich Academy of Fine Arts in 1898, he spent the next three years taking private painting classes and visiting Paris and becoming familiar with the contemporary impressionist scene that was popular at this time.

He married Danish actress Ada Vilstrup in 1902 and moved to Berlin, where he would meet collector Gustav Schiefler and artist Karl Schmidt-Rottluff both of whom would advocate his work later in life. Nolde studied the Neo-Impressionists Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch and James Ensor, which, around 1905, gradually led him away from his early Romantic Naturalism and to the discovery of his own style with a strong emphasis on colour, colourful and glowing flower pictures came into existence. He spent a brief time between 1906-1907 as a member of the revolutionary expressionist group Die Brücke, and a member of the Berlin Secession in 1908-1910, but he eventually left or was expelled from both of these groups – biographical foreshadowing of the difficulty Nolde had maintaining relationships with the organizations to which he belonged. He had achieved some fame by this time and was exhibiting with Kandinsky’s Der Blaue Reiter group in 1912, supporting himself through his art.

Nolde was a supporter of the Nazi party from the early 1920s, having become a member of its Danish section. He expressed negative opinions about Jewish artists, and considered Expressionism to be a distinctively Germanic style. This view was shared by some other members of the Nazi party, notably Joseph Goebbels.
However Hitler rejected all forms of modernism as "degenerate art", and Nolde's work was officially condemned by the Nazi regime. Until that time he had been held in great prestige in Germany. The Nazi's removed 1052 of his works from museums, more than any other artist.

Some were included in the Degenerate Art exhibition of 1937, despite his protests, including (later) a personal appeal to the Nazi's in Vienna. This only strengthened the Nazi's ill feeling towards Nolde, he was not allowed to paint—even in private—after 1941.

Nevertheless, during this period he created hundreds of watercolors, which he hid. He called them the "Unpainted Pictures".

In 1942 Nolde wrote:

"There is silver blue, sky blue and thunder blue. Every colour holds within it a soul, which makes me happy or repels me, and which acts as a stimulus. To a person who has no art in him, colours are colours, tones tones...and that is all. All their consequences for the human spirit, which range between heaven to hell, just go unnoticed."

After World War II, Nolde was once again honoured, receiving the German Order of Merit, the country's highest civilian decoration.

In his last years, Emil painted primarily watercolours with flower and landscape motifs from the neighbourhood of his house in Seebüll, where Nolde died quietly in April 1956.

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